Sequence diversity and phylogenetic utility of nuclear RAG-1 gene in parrots
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چکیده
Indonesia is one of mega biodiversity countries and inhabited by 300.000 animal species including 1,531 bird species which constitutes 15 % of all bird in the world (Mittermeier et al. 1997, Andrew 1992). IUCN recorded 104 bird species to be endangered. In the world, about 350 parrot species are distributed primarily in hotspots of biodiversity such as Brazil, tropical Africa and Indonesia. This bird group retains worldwide popularity, because they have several unique characteristics and economic value. The over-hunting has drastically depopulated the parrots including some endangered species, therefore, all parrot species are listed in CITES appendix. Indonesia is inhabited by 76 parrot species of 25 genera, constituting 12 % of world’s parrot species (Forshaw 1989). Of these, 32 species are endemic Indonesia (Andrew 1992), and this country is the second largest after Argentina in the export of parrots (WCMC 1992). In addition, the over-exploitation and fragmentation of their habitats have endangered some species to extinction. Therefore, conservation planning is urgently required, and this study was planned to provide some basic information about phylogeny of Indonesian parrots. In our previous study, we used a mitochondrial gene cytochrome-b. In this study, therefore, we used a nuclear exon gene RAG-1.
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